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The third era of energy

Every era of energy has been defined by where power is made and when it's available. Energy3 makes it at the point of use, all the time.

  1. Energy1
  2. Energy2
  3. Energy3

Energy1

Centralized fossil generation

Where it's made
Big plants, far from where power is used, connected by long transmission lines.
When it runs
Runs whenever fuel is delivered and burned.
What it costs you
Fuel supply chains, emissions and grid losses on the way to you.

Energy2

Intermittent clean energy

Where it's made
Wind and solar farms, mostly still feeding the same central grid.
When it runs
Runs when the sun shines and the wind blows.
What it costs you
Storage, land and new transmission to cover the hours it doesn't run.

Energy3

Decentralized, continuous clean power

Where it's made
Made at the point of use: in the factory, data center, base or home, or inside the car or phone it powers.
When it runs
Runs day and night, in any weather.
What it costs you
Little or no fuel, no transmission line, no dependence on the grid.

Energy3 in practice

What it looks like when power is made where it's used. Pick a setting to see the idea, and which kinds of technology are being aimed at it.

grid not neededwall unit
Runs day and nightNo grid connectionNo fuel deliveries

A house with no power lines

A slim panel on the outside wall, about the size of a breaker box, powers everything inside day and night. The line to the utility pole is no longer needed.

Approaches aimed at this

An illustration of what developers are aiming for, not a claim that any product does this today.

Power for one site, or one device

The Forum focuses on generation sized to a single user: a building, a campus, a base, a vehicle or a device. Giant fusion plants that feed the grid are a different business, and outside our scope for now.

  • Megawatts

    Data centers

    AI is pushing power demand faster than grids can add capacity. On-site generation means a data center doesn't wait years for a grid connection.

  • Megawatts

    Factories and campuses

    Steady power without utility rate swings, outages or transmission upgrades.

  • Hundreds of kW

    Military bases and remote sites

    Forward bases, islands and mines run on trucked-in diesel today. Generation on site removes the fuel convoy.

  • 10–30 kW

    Homes and buildings

    A panel on the wall instead of a meter on the grid.

  • Tens of kW

    Vehicles

    A car or truck that makes its own power doesn't need to stop and charge.

  • Microwatts to watts

    Phones, sensors and implants

    Devices that run for years, or decades, without being charged or having batteries replaced.

What changes if it works at scale

These are the stakes, not predictions. Whether any of this happens depends on which technologies hold up under independent testing, and that is the work the Forum exists to do.

Energy costs fall toward zero

Almost everything we make, grow, move or compute carries an energy cost. Cheap power that runs anywhere, all the time, lowers the cost of nearly everything, and raises living standards fastest in places that can't get reliable power today.

The grid becomes optional

When power is made where it's consumed, long-distance transmission, the most expensive and fragile part of the system, matters far less. No line losses, no grid-wide blackouts, no new lines to remote sites. Power becomes equipment you own, not a network you're plugged into.

Fossil fuels lose their central role

Coal, oil and gas would stop being the world's main energy sources. Oil remains an input for plastics, lubricants and chemicals, but trillions of dollars a year in fuel spending shift, and economies built on exporting hydrocarbons face hard adjustments.

Geopolitics gets redrawn

If every nation, community and household can make its own power, control over pipelines, shipping lanes and supply quotas stops being leverage. That removes a major cause of conflict, and unsettles the powers whose influence rests on energy supply.

See which companies are building it, and how far their evidence goes.

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